AI regulation: where are we at & what’s next?

Posted on Monday 26 February 2024 | Beth Rogers

Beth Rogers, IAB UK’s Public Policy Manager, reviews the current state of AI regulation in the UK and, with a possible change of government next year, what might happen next


The UK is at the forefront of AI development and research, ranking third in the world after the USA and China. According to the International Trade Administration, 到2035年,我们的人工智能产业预计将为英国经济贡献1万亿美元——这是一个惊人的数字,说明了该行业的指数级增长率.  

因此,政府将人工智能置于其议程的前沿和中心就不足为奇了. In 2021 it published its first 10-year National AI Strategy, 制定了通过投资和数字优先的方法巩固英国“人工智能超级大国”地位的计划. Since then, we’ve seen a flurry of government activity in this space, including the appointment of the first Minister for AI and IP.  

但这一活动的核心是一个关键问题——政府如何促进增长和创新, 同时保护消费者,并为人工智能技术的安全应用创建一个框架?  

AI regulation in the UK 

As it stands, 在英国,人工智能的使用是在其应用的背景下进行监管的, 通过现有的法律框架,如金融服务监管. 但这些框架并不是为了解决人工智能应用所带来的日益紧迫的新问题而设计的. 监管机构正在努力解决一些棘手的问题,比如由人工智能生成的音乐版权归谁所有? Who is responsible for the harms created by algorithmic bias? The list goes on.

The Government’s AI White Paper,于2023年3月发布,阐述了它计划如何使我们的监管方法与时俱进. 为了在严格的监管和创新之间取得平衡, 白皮书确立了五项以价值观为中心的监管原则, including fairness, accountability and security. 现有监管机构将被要求在各自职权范围内,根据现有法律法规,按比例适用这些原则,以应对人工智能带来的风险. 我们已经看到监管机构实施了这种新方法——尤其是信息专员办公室(ICO)已经迅速走出了困境, 确认人工智能是其首要任务之一 extensive guidance and resources for businesses.

This principles-led approach, which the Government describes as ‘regulating to innovate’, 旨在提供针对特定行业的解决方案,以适应人工智能应用的开发,并与更广泛的国际框架保持一致.  The focus on creating a future-proofed, 灵活的框架是受彩乐园dsn的,而且感觉是正确的下一步,因为它应该允许监管机构自由地采取最适合各自行业需求的方法.

That said, 这种做法带来的风险是,不同部门的监管格局和执法方法可能变得不一致和令人困惑, and that needs to be carefully managed. 因此,政府方法的成功将取决于政府和监管机构之间的密切合作, including through the Digital Regulation Cooperation Forum,以确保在适用新原则时一视同仁.

但我们也必须承认,科技行业可以发挥关键作用. Regulatory principles can take us so far, but the first global guidelines for the secure development of AI technology, published in November, 强调人工智能开发者从一开始就构建网络安全程序的重要性, or ‘secure by design’. In other words, 未来成功的人工智能监管框架需要三方合作, with government, 监管机构和行业都在发挥自己的作用,确保人工智能的安全.

Change on the horizon

2024年2月,政府在一份报告中提出了人工智能监管的一些下一步措施 response to its AI White Paper consultation. 该答复重申了政府对以原则为主导的做法的承诺,并侧重于执行, 承诺监督(包括就新的风险登记册提供咨询)并支持监管机构.  

很明显,非法定方法仍然是政府政策的核心, 但有迹象表明,未来我们可能会看到与此不同的情况. 高性能通用人工智能系统被认为是一个真正的监管挑战, 政府承认,未来可能需要考虑对这项技术的开发者的风险阈值和约束性要求.  

Meanwhile, 工党一直对人工智能技术带来的巨大经济机遇直言不讳, but has also been cautious about the risks, particularly around large language models. In a speech made last year, the then Shadow Minister for the creative industries, Lucy Powell, 工党将支持大型语言模型开发的许可制度,该制度将由一个新的, dedicated regulator. Around the same time, 工党领袖凯尔·斯塔默(Keir Starmer)表示,他打算对人工智能采取更强硬的立场, and trailed plans for an ‘overarching regulatory framework’.  

虽然没有迹象表明我们正在走向欧盟或美国式的监管改革, 很明显,英国才刚刚开始寻找合适的监管方式,为人工智能应用创造一个可持续和安全的环境. 这段旅程将在哪里结束尚不清楚——甚至ChatGPT也无法回答这个问题.  

Written by

Beth Rogers

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